Learn about the panels in the solar power system

Solar energy is limitless, researched and developed by the solar energy technology industry, applied to life and efficient production. Solar electricity is converted from sunlight through solar panels. So what is the structure of the solar panel? What is their working principle? Let's find out through the article below.

Solar cells are panels with a large surface that collect sunlight and convert it into electricity. This is an extremely important device in converting solar energy into electrical energy based on the photovoltaic effect. Photoelectric effect is the effect of emitting electrons when exposed to light by matter.

The main material for solar cells is crystalline silicon. Solar cells from crystalline silicon are divided into 3 types:

Single crystals of this type are up to 16% efficient. They are often very expensive because they are cut from tubular ingots, these monolithic panels have blank faces at the corners connecting the modules.

This polycrystalline type can form square sheets that cover more surface than the monocrystalline type. However, its performance is lower and this type of battery is also much cheaper.

This type is usually the least efficient, however it is the cheapest of the bunch because it doesn't need to be cut from a silicon ingot.

Solar panels have many components that can make energy conversion easier and more efficient. They are divided into 8 main parts: Aluminum frame, tempered glass, rear battery panel, EVA film, solar cell, junction box, power cable, MC4 connector. Let's find out the details of each part's structure below:

The frame is made of aluminum, so it is light in weight, low in cost, easy to move and install. Has a sturdy structure to integrate solar cells and other parts. Used to protect and fix internal components from external influences. The white aluminum frame can be anodized and reinforced with crossbars to increase the rigidity of the panel.

This is a sturdy part, up to 4mm thick, used to protect the solar cell from weather effects such as temperature, rain, snow, dust, hail and other impacts from the outside. outside.

The EVA film layer consists of 2 layers of transparent polymer film placed above and below the solar cell layer, which has the effect of glazing them with the upper tempered glass layer and the bottom panel. The EVA film layer has the effect of absorbing and protecting the solar cell from vibrations, dust and moisture. This is also known as an adhesive, so it has the ability to withstand extreme temperatures and is very durable.

This is an indispensable part of the battery. Solar panels are made up of many smaller units than solar cells. In a cell, a silicon crystal is sandwiched between two conductive layers. A photovoltaic cell uses two different layers of silicon, the N-type and the P-type.

This backplate is used for mechanical protection, moisture resistance and electrical insulation, making the battery last longer and safer to use. They are available in different thicknesses, are white in color and are usually made of polymer, PP, PVF, PET plastic.

This is the part located at the back, where it gathers and transfers the electrical energy generated from the solar panel to the outside. Because this is the central point, it is designed to protect quite firmly.

Is a specialized power cable for solar power, with excellent DC insulation, along with good resistance to extremes of weather (ultraviolet rays, dust, water, moisture) ..) and other mechanical impact.

An electrical connector commonly used to connect solar panels. The “MC" in MC4 stands for the manufacturer Multi-Contact. This type of connector makes it easy to connect panels and arrays by manually attaching jacks from adjacent panels.

Solar power is a modern technology that converts solar energy through panels. The sun is a giant reactor that is energized in the form of tiny particles called photons. Using solar cells to absorb and convert these photons helps us to use electricity efficiently from nature.

A panel is a collection of photovoltaic (PV) cells,  These PV solar cells are made of a semiconductor material, typically silicon, that is sliced ​​ultra-thin.

Silicon is known as a semiconductor. Sunlight consisting of photons colliding with the silicon atoms of the battery will transfer their energy to the discrete electron, excite causing the electron bound to the atom to be ejected from the atom, and at the same time stay in the same place. The atom has a vacancy due to the lack of electrons.

The negatively charged electrons and positively charged holes can now move freely, but because of the electromagnetic field at the P/N junction they can only go in one direction. Electrons are attracted to the N side and holes are attracted to the P side.

The energy from those photons loosens the electrons on the negative side of the PV cell and sets them in motion, which means we now have an electric current flowing. This is called the photoelectric effect.

The form that we give electrons is called a circuit. As they leave the negative layer of the PV cell, we want them to run through our loads (like lights and electrical appliances) so that the electrons can power those loads as they reach the positive layer of the PV cell. PV cells.

Electricity generated from solar panels is direct current (DC). In order to be used for normal loads and equipment, it is necessary to convert DC power to AC (AC). And that is the function of the inverter.

Currently, many new types of solar cells are being researched and developed. Among them are those whose structure and principle of operation are very different.

Summary
Solar energy is researched, renewable and effectively put into use by electrical equipment thanks to solar panels. Panels are indispensable in converting solar energy into electricity for our daily use, they have high efficiency and have an average lifespan of up to 30 years. Initially, this is a clean energy source, bringing many benefits to daily activities and industrial production. They are natural and maximum cost-effective for electricity usage.