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What are solar lights?

  1. 10-01-2022 09:01:07
  2. 79
Solar lights, also known as integrated solar lights, solar LED lights, solar electric lights... is a lighting device consisting of LED bulbs, solar panels, and storage batteries. Power storage (built-in). The lights operate at night thanks to the power from the battery, the battery is fully charged through the solar panel when sunlight shines on.
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Solar lights often have a more expensive initial purchase cost than conventional lights such as electric lights, headlamps... however, the operating costs of solar lights are the cheapest, even zero. Unlike electric lights that must use electricity from the grid, kerosene lamps need to have kerosene, solar LED lights emit light entirely based on a natural renewable source that is sunlight. They are known to be the most eco-friendly lighting fixtures, however they still have their "weaknesses" which are high prices (as mentioned above) and weather dependence (rainy and heavy rain will do the trick). limit the solar cell's ability to absorb sunlight).
Solar lights are especially effective when used in rural and remote areas where there is an unstable or no electricity grid. In the very dangerous pass sections at night in the Central Highlands, solar street lights are also applied to provide light to ensure safety for nighttime drivers.
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History of solar LED lights

Since solar cells were introduced in 1954 at Bell Laboratories, advances in the efficiency of solar cells in converting light into electricity as well as modern manufacturing techniques have been combined. The company has developed solar lights that are extremely efficient and aesthetically pleasing. The types of solar panels used for solar lights are usually monocrystalline silicon (Mono) or polycrystalline silicon (Poly), some compact lamps (usually decorative lights) will use batteries. thin film solar for optimum size.

As of 2016, LEDs use only about 10% of the energy an incandescent light bulb requires. Because of this extremely good effect, most solar lights use LED bulbs.

Composition

1. Lighting equipment

As mentioned above, most solar-powered lights use LED bulbs as a light source. Because of the many advantages of LED lights, such as:
  • Optimum savings on energy consumption.
  • Low heat, friendly to the environment and surrounding trees.
  • Extremely long lifespan.
  • Stable light source, no harm to eyes.

2. Solar panel (Solar panel)

Most solar cells are made of crystalline silicon, a semiconductor material. A photovoltaic cell will consist of two different layers of silicon. The lower layer has fewer electrons and so it will carry a positive charge (+), the upper layer has more electrons and has a negative charge (-), and from there an electric potential is created between the two layers.

When streams of sunlight (also called photons) "land" on the surface of the photovoltaic cell, they "give" energy to the atoms in the silicon layer. It promotes an electron from the upper shell to the lower shell. This impulse causes the electron to move freely and generates an electric current. The more sunlight hitting the surface of the panel, the more electrons will be able to move freely and the more efficient the photo-electrical process will be.

The photovoltaic conversion cells will then be packaged into a large plate by clad in glass, wrapped in an aluminum frame called a solar panel (usually about 36 - 72 cells).

3. Battery (electrical storage battery)

Storage batteries are usually housed in metal or plastic housings. Inside the shell are positive and negative electrodes, where chemical reactions take place. A separator also exists between the cathode and anode to prevent the electrodes from reacting with each other while allowing charge to move freely between the two poles. Finally, the collector conducts electricity from the battery to the outside for use.

The battery stored inside the solar light is usually the type that uses gel electrolysis technology with high efficiency in terms of deep discharge, so that it can be used well in extreme temperature ranges. There are also types such as Lithium-ion (quite common in high-end solar lamps), lead acid, nickel cadmium, etc.

This part of the solar lights is indispensable, it helps to store the electricity generated by the panels during the day and supply that power to the lights to light up at night. It can be said that without battery storage, solar lights are almost "useless".
 

Benefit:

Below are the benefits of solar lights:
  • Solar-powered lights will be much easier for users to install, arrange and maintain because they do not require any electrical wiring to connect to the grid.
  • Solar electric lights can bring many benefits to homeowners with significant reductions in maintenance costs and maximum energy savings for outdoor lighting (up to 100% electricity savings). ).
  • Solar powered lights are extremely necessary for remote areas with no electricity grid or places with unstable electricity. This overcomes a lot of inadequacies such as women and children will feel safer when going out at night, traffic will definitely be safer when night falls, the lack of evening light. It also affects people's working time and leads to many consequences for economic development.
  • Extremely eco-friendly: Unlike kerosene lamps that emit a lot of CO2, conventional electric lights are ultimately associated with CO2 as the majority of grid electricity is generated from burning fossil fuels. On the other hand, solar LED lights operate on a completely clean energy source from sunlight.

Classify

Along with the development of technology and consumer demand, solar LED lights are available in many models for different lighting and decorative purposes. Some popular types include:
  • Solar street lights.
  • Wall mounted solar lights.
  • Gate pole lights use solar power.
  • Solar powered garden lights.
  • Traffic light.
  • Mosquito catcher lamp.
  • Ornamental lights.
  • Decorative LED string lights.
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